Genetic predictors of cancer

Some diseases are caused by single, specific gene changes or mutations. But these kinds of mutations are very rare. Most common, complex diseases like cancer probably involve many genes. Scientists have found many common gene variants (slight differences in a gene people may have) linked to cancer. These variants occur in many people. But their effect on disease risk is small. So these variants do not explain why so many people get cancer. In this project, researchers will search for variants that are uncommon, but have a moderate effect on disease. Earlier ways of looking for disease genes have not been able to detect these kinds of variants. This project will use a new gene “chip” method and large groups of patients. The researchers will look for variants linked to prostate, breast, and other common cancers. Finding such gene variants will help doctors counsel patients about their cancer risk.